Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si , delhi police).

Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si). Universe  related question . 1.  The atmosphere  of planet  venus is made up of  thick  and  yellowish  clouds of... .?   Ans-  sulphuric acid . 2.  which of the following  group of          planet  is termed as ' gas planet '       as they  are  composed  primarily       of lighter  ices,  liquids and                   gases? Ans-  jupiter,  uranus , neptune, saturn. 3.  which one among the following         planet has the largest  number of       known  satellite? Ans-  saturn. 4.  what is the radius  of earth ? Ans- 6371 km. 5.  if the orbit  of a planet is an      ...
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Comparison between reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete.

 Comparison between reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete.

Reinforced concrete (RC) and prestressed concrete (PC) are two types of concrete used in construction, each with distinct characteristics. Here are 15 key differences between them:

1. Definition

  • Reinforced Concrete (RC): Concrete in which steel reinforcement bars (rebars) are embedded to resist tensile forces.
  • Prestressed Concrete (PC): Concrete in which high-strength steel tendons are tensioned before or after the concrete is cast, improving its strength and durability.

2. Tensile Strength Handling

  • RC: Relies on rebars to take tensile loads after cracks form in the concrete.
  • PC: Introduces pre-compression to the concrete, reducing or eliminating tensile stresses and cracks.

3. Crack Formation

  • RC: Cracks develop when tensile stress exceeds concrete's capacity.
  • PC: Designed to prevent cracks by keeping concrete in compression.

4. Load-Carrying Capacity

  • RC: Lower load-bearing capacity than PC.
  • PC: Higher load-bearing capacity due to pre-compression.

5. Material Usage

  • RC: Uses ordinary steel rebars and normal-strength concrete.
  • PC: Uses high-strength steel tendons and high-performance concrete.

6. Pre-Tensioning and Post-Tensioning

  • RC: No pre-tensioning or post-tensioning.
  • PC: Uses either pre-tensioning (steel stressed before concrete casting) or post-tensioning (steel stressed after concrete hardens).

7. Weight and Thickness

  • RC: Heavier and requires more material for the same strength.
  • PC: Lighter and thinner sections can achieve the same or better strength.

8. Deflection Control

  • RC: Prone to more deflection over time.
  • PC: Less deflection due to initial pre-stress forces.

9. Cost

  • RC: Generally cheaper and easier to construct.
  • PC: More expensive due to special materials and techniques.

10. Durability

  • RC: Prone to cracking, leading to corrosion of reinforcement.
  • PC: More durable due to reduced cracking and better protection of steel.

Maintenance

  • RC: Higher maintenance due to cracking and potential corrosion issues.
  • PC: Lower maintenance as cracks are minimized.

12. Applications

  • RC: Used in buildings, foundations, columns, beams, and slabs.
  • PC: Used in bridges, flyovers, long-span structures, and heavy-load structures.

13. Construction Time

  • RC: Faster and simpler construction.
  • PC: Requires additional steps (pre-tensioning/post-tensioning), increasing construction time.

14. Stress Distribution

  • RC: Uneven stress distribution, with tensile stress mainly taken by rebars.
  • PC: More uniform stress distribution due to pre-compression.

15. Structural Efficiency

  • RC: Less efficient for long spans and heavy loads.
  • PC: More efficient for long spans and high-load structures.

Conclusion

Reinforced concrete is widely used for conventional structures due to its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, while prestressed concrete is preferred for high-performance applications where strength, durability, and long spans are required.

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