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 Defects of vision and their correction . Defects of vision, also known as refractive errors or visual impairments, refer to conditions where the eye cannot properly focus light onto the retina, resulting in blurred or distorted vision. These defects arise due to irregularities in the shape of the eye, the curvature of the cornea, or the flexibility of the eye’s lens. The most common types of vision defects include myopia (nearsightedness), hypermetropia (farsightedness), presbyopia, and astigmatism. What is Myopia? Myopia occurs when the shape of the eye causes light rays to bend (refract) incorrectly, focusing images in front of the retina rather than directly on its surface. This typically results in difficulty seeing distant objects clearly. Causes of Myopia Several factors contribute to the development of myopia, including: Genetics : A family history of myopia increases the likelihood of developing the condition. Environmental Factors : Spending long hours on clo...