Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si , delhi police).

Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si). Universe  related question . 1.  The atmosphere  of planet  venus is made up of  thick  and  yellowish  clouds of... .?   Ans-  sulphuric acid . 2.  which of the following  group of          planet  is termed as ' gas planet '       as they  are  composed  primarily       of lighter  ices,  liquids and                   gases? Ans-  jupiter,  uranus , neptune, saturn. 3.  which one among the following         planet has the largest  number of       known  satellite? Ans-  saturn. 4.  what is the radius  of earth ? Ans- 6371 km. 5.  if the orbit  of a planet is an      ...
Post a Comment

What are two basic principles of surveying

  Two basic principles of surveying  in civil engineering 

In civil engineering, surveying is a crucial activity used to determine the relative positions of points on, above, or beneath the Earth's surface. Two fundamental principles of surveying are:

1. Working from Whole to Part

This principle ensures that the overall framework or control network is established first before detailing smaller areas.

Explanation:

  • A primary framework of control points is established over the entire survey area with high precision.
  • Smaller subdivisions or details are then connected to this primary network.
  • This method minimizes errors because any discrepancies in measurements or calculations can be confined to smaller, localized areas without affecting the overall survey.

Benefits:

  • Ensures accuracy and consistency in measurements.
  • Reduces cumulative errors.
  • Allows for effective error control and adjustment.

For example, in a construction project, the main control points (e.g., benchmarks or reference points) are set first, and then finer details like property boundaries or building layouts are derived from these primary points.

2. Location of a Point by Measurement from Two Reference Points

This principle involves determining the position of an unknown point by measuring its distances or angles relative to two known reference points.

Explanation:

  • To locate a point, either linear measurements (distances) or angular measurements are taken from two fixed points whose positions are already known.
  • Common techniques include triangulation, trilateration, or a combination of the two.

Benefits:

  • Provides reliable and precise positioning of points.
  • Reduces dependency on a single measurement, thereby improving accuracy.

For example, in a field survey, if you know the positions of two benchmarks A and B, you can determine the position of a new point P by measuring its angles or distances relative to A and B.

Both principles ensure systematic and accurate surveys, minimizing errors while establishing reliable reference frameworks.

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

What are the factors that affects the degree of consolidation

Image
 Factor that affects the degree of consolidation . The degree of consolidation refers to the extent to which a soil or sediment has undergone a reduction in volume due to the expulsion of pore water under the influence of an applied load over time. Several factors affect the degree of consolidation. Below are the factors with detailed explanations: Magnitude of Applied Load The magnitude of the load applied to the soil directly influences the degree of consolidation. Explanation : When a load is applied to a soil layer, the increase in stress causes a rise in pore water pressure. Consolidation occurs as this excess pore water is expelled, and the soil particles rearrange into a denser configuration. Larger loads generate greater excess pore pressure, leading to a more significant volume reduction and a higher degree of consolidation. However, the soil's consolidation characteristics (e.g., compressibility) govern how the soil responds to the applied load. In over consolidated ...
Read more

how to control global warming .

Image
                     Global  warming how to control global warming. 1.rduce greenhouse gas. Emission the  most effective  way  to combat  global warming is to  reduce the emission of green house gases, especially  carbon dioxide(CO2)  methane (CH 4 ) nitrous oxide (N2 O) . This can be done  by  transitioning  to cleaner  energy  sources  like  solar , wind ,and  hydroelectric power. 2. Shift to renewable energy. By replacing  fossil fuels  like coal,oil, and natural gas  with  renewable  energy , we can significantly  reduce carbon emission . solar panels , wind turbines ,  and geothermal  energy provide  cleaner  alternatives  that generates  electricity without   polluting  the atmosphere. 3. Energy efficiency .  Improving energy  efficiency in building...
Read more

What are the main causes of global warming

Image
 What are the main causes of global warming . Global warming is primarily caused by human activities that increase the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, leading to a rise in Earth's average temperature. Below are 15 main causes of global warming, explained in detail: 1. Burning of Fossil Fuels The combustion of fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production is the largest contributor to global warming. This process releases massive amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Power plants, factories, and vehicles are the biggest sources of emissions. 2. Deforestation Trees absorb CO₂ from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, acting as carbon sinks. However, large-scale deforestation, especially in the Amazon rainforest and other tropical regions, reduces this capacity. When trees are cut down and burned, they release stored CO₂ back into the air,...
Read more