Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si , delhi police).

Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si). Universe  related question . 1.  The atmosphere  of planet  venus is made up of  thick  and  yellowish  clouds of... .?   Ans-  sulphuric acid . 2.  which of the following  group of          planet  is termed as ' gas planet '       as they  are  composed  primarily       of lighter  ices,  liquids and                   gases? Ans-  jupiter,  uranus , neptune, saturn. 3.  which one among the following         planet has the largest  number of       known  satellite? Ans-  saturn. 4.  what is the radius  of earth ? Ans- 6371 km. 5.  if the orbit  of a planet is an      ...

What is slump test, why slump test perform on site, procedure


                              Slump test

 The slump test is a  simple  and widely used  test  in civil engineering  to measure  the workability or consistency  of fresh concrete . Workability  is the  ease  with which  concrete can  be mixed , placed ,  compacted , and finished  without segregation  or  bleeding . Here's  detailed explanation  of why  and  how it is performed.

Why slump- test is  performed on construction site.

The slum test is perfomed  on- site  for the  following key  reason .

1. Immediate quality check of concrete.

On site verification - It provides  a quick  and immediate  assessment  of the workability  of freshly  mixed  concrete before  it is placed.

Batch -to - consistency - ensures uniformity  between  different  concrete  batches, preventing variation  that could compromising  structural  integrity .

2. Worablity for specific  structure .

fit for  purpose- different  structure  require  concrete with   varying  levels of workability .

Low workability  for mass concrete (eg- foundation) 

Medium to high  workability  for heavily reinforced  or complex  forms work.

 Performing  the slump test  on site  ensures  the concrete  mix meet  the specific  requirement  of the structure  being built.

3. Detection  of error  in mixing .

Identifies in issues- On - site slump  testing  can  reveal.

 Excess water in the mix , leading to segregation  or  reduced  strength .

Insufficient water , making the concrete non- workable  or difficult  to place .

 Poorly graded  aggregates  or incorrect  proportion  of  cement ,sand , aggregates .
 
This allows correction  to be made  before  the concrete  is placed .

4. Complances with standards 

Adherences  to specification - on site test ensures  the  delivered  concrete  complies  with projects  design mix  specification and workability  requirement  asd per code (eg IS1199, ASTMC143,  or BS1881)

5. Time efficiency .

 Quick result -the slump test is simple , require  minimal  equipment  and delivered  immediate result , helping  to avoid  delay in the  construction  process.

6. Prevent structural  defect

 Ensure proper placement - concrete  with incorrect  workability  can led  to  issues like ( honeycombing , or voids  due to insufficient  flow into  formwork ).

 Segregation and bleeding  if the mix  is too wet.

On - site testing  ensures the mix  will flow and compact  properly , avoiding  test  defects.

7. Support decision making.

Acceptance or rejection - contractor  can decide  whether  to accept , modify  or reject  a concrete  delivery  based  on th e slump test result , ensuring  high- quality   construction .

How the  slump test  is performed .

1. Apparatus required .

A slump cone (a metallic frustum  of a cone , open at both  ends , with  dimension  of 300mm height , 200mm bottom diameter , and 100mm  top diameter ).

A tamping rod (16 mm diameter   , 600 mm long ).

A  flat , non- absorbent  base  plate .

2.Procedures.

Place the slump cone  on a land  base plate .

Fill the  cone with  freshly  mixed  concrete in three  layer , each  approximately  one- third  of the cone 's  height .

 Compact  each  layer with 25 strokes  of the  tamping  rod to remove  air voids .

Strikes  off excess concrete levels  with  the top  of the  cone .

Carefully lift the cone vertically  upward  without disturbing  the concrete .

Measure  the slump  as the  different  between  the height  of the cone    and the  highest  point of the slumped  concrete.

3. Types of slump  observed .

True slump- The concrete maintain  its  shape  and uniformly  settles,  indicating  good  workability .

Shear slump - The concrete shear  off on one  side , indicating poor  cohesion .

Collapse slump- The concrete collapse   entirely,  indicating  excessive water content  or a very - high workability mix.

Different  construction  works require  different  slump values.

Low slump- ( 0-25 mm)  used for foundation and  pavement ( stiff mixes).

Medium  slump- ( 50 - 100  mm )  used for beam , slabs  and column .

 High slump - ( 100- 175 mm)  used for highly  fluid mixes , such as those  used in complex  formworks.
  

 Tools used for slump test.



                               Slump cone


                        Slump test surface


                      Slump cone funnel

                               Tamping rod 

            Slump test sample scoop

                             Slump tester

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

What are the factors that affects the degree of consolidation

how to control global warming .

What are the main causes of global warming