Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si , delhi police).

Most important geography question with answer for all competitive exam( upsc, state pcs, ssc, railway, si). Universe  related question . 1.  The atmosphere  of planet  venus is made up of  thick  and  yellowish  clouds of... .?   Ans-  sulphuric acid . 2.  which of the following  group of          planet  is termed as ' gas planet '       as they  are  composed  primarily       of lighter  ices,  liquids and                   gases? Ans-  jupiter,  uranus , neptune, saturn. 3.  which one among the following         planet has the largest  number of       known  satellite? Ans-  saturn. 4.  what is the radius  of earth ? Ans- 6371 km. 5.  if the orbit  of a planet is an      ...
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What is Earthquake | types of earthquake wave|| and effects of earthquake

What is earthquakes .



                           Earthquake


Earthquake is a natural  phenomena  in which very  large part of  earth  vibrate due to movement of many tectonic plate . vibrate in high frequency  due  to some tectonic plate  are  contact to each other then after these tectonic plate are collide, Then the vibrate are occur  these vibrate  are called  Earthquake. Earthquake is very  dangerous  of all living being , many building  are destroyed  during earthquake, cracks  occurs in large area of land, many mall, cinema hall,  Dam , bridge , railways bridge,  are also destroyed in earthquake . many people are death in  Earthquake . The are also  explodes . Dam   retaining wall  cracks  then floods is outcome . 
     
 During the  earthquake  people stay  under the home  near pillar  or inside  door. vehicles are  no running during earthquake. people are not stay inside  any tree .  People are not  stay on  ground  they can sleep. All  type of vehicles  must be stopped during  an earthquake . like-  car , bus train  etc.

Types of  earthquake  wave:-

There are three types of wave
1. primary wave (P)
2. secondary wave( S).
3. Long wave | love wave (L)

1. Primary wave:-  

p wave  is fastest wave  called longitudinal wave, frequency is very high,  speed  of wave is al;so fast, These wave are  moving in all type  of  solid and liquid


                                   P-wave

2. Secondary wave :- 

 it is a wave  slower than P wave , it is  also called  transverse wave , it move  perpendicular to the direction  of earth , this type of  wave  move  only in  solid  and disappear  in liquid.


                                    S-wave

3. Surface wave | love wave :-

 it is a type  of wave , it is very dangerous  wave than  primary wave and secondary , they can travel in all type of  medium  , L wave are  most destructive wave , it is very slowest wave , They are very effectively wave 



                                L-wave

Measurement of  earthquake :-

  * Seismograph :-  it is an instrument  that measure  and  record  information  about earthquake >
* It is two type of  scales
1. MERCALLI scale.
2. RICHTER  SCALE .

1. Richter  scale:-

  it is represent  the magnitude of the earthquake  the magnitude is expressed  in absolute  number  from  1-10
Earth whole  number  increased  inn richter scale  represent  a  Ten times  increase in power  of an  Earthquake .

2. Mercalli  scale :-

  The scale represent  the intensity  of earthquake  by  analysis  the  after  efects  like  how  much , destruction  occurs etc.  the range of intensity 1-12.

Terminologies:- 

* Focus:-

  the location below  the earth surface where the  earthquake  originate  that point  is called  hypocentre



                                   Focus

* Epicentre:-

  the location of  originated earthquake  directly  above  it  on the surface  of the earth  is called  epicentre.



                                    Epicenter

*  Isoseismol;- 

 A line  connecting  all points  on the surface   of the  earth  where the  intensity  is the  same .



                                   Isoseismol line

* Homoseismol line :-

  The line join  places  which  recieve  earthquake  wave  at the same time 

* Fore sock:- 

 fore shock are the  energy  release  and ground shaking  before  an earthquake .

*After Shock:- 

 The energy  released and ground  shaking  after an  earthquake  stability.

causes of  Earthquake :-

1. natural causes.
2. Anthropogenic  causes.
 
1. Natural Activity.
* Folds and faults.
*  volcanic activity.
*  Elastic  Activity.
* Tectonic activity.
2. Anthropogenic causes.

*Explosive  Earthquake .
*  collapse causes.
* Hydrolic causes.
 * Reservoir causes.

Types  of Earthquake :- 

*  On the basis of depth  of earthquake .
* shallow focus  earthquake .
*  Intermediate  focus  earthquake.
* Deep focus earthquake .

Effects of earthquake:- 

Earthquakes can have widespread and varied effects, depending on their magnitude, depth, location, and other factors. These effects can be broadly classified into primary and secondary impacts:

Primary impacts.

  • Ground Shaking: The intense shaking of the earth causes structural damage to buildings, bridges, roads, and infrastructure.
  • Surface Rupture: Cracks and displacement along the fault line can destroy structures, roads, and pipelines.
  • Ground Failure: Includes phenomena like landslides and soil liquefaction (where solid ground behaves like liquid due to intense shaking).
  • Loss of Life and Injuries: Direct physical harm to people caused by falling debris or collapsing buildings.

Secondary  impacts.

  • Fires: Result from ruptured gas lines, electrical faults, or overturned stoves.
  • Tsunamis: Underwater earthquakes can generate large, destructive waves.
  • Dam Failures and Flooding: Structural damage to dams or levees can cause floods in surrounding areas.
  • Displacement of People: Entire communities may be forced to leave their homes due to destruction or safety concerns.
  • Economic Loss: Disruption to businesses, industries, and transportation networks leads to significant financial losses.
  • Disease Outbreaks: Poor sanitation, contaminated water supplies, and overcrowded shelters increase the risk of disease.
  • Environmental Damage: Changes in landforms, destruction of ecosystems, and contamination of soil and water sources.

Some important range of earthquake

* Slight- magnitude upto 4.9 on richter scale
* moderate -magnitude upto 5 to 6.9
*Great- magnitude upto 7 to 7.9
*very great magnitude 8 and more

Some important point of earthquake. 

* Earthquake is studying in seismology. 
* There are four seismic zone in India. 
* In the time of earthquake never we stay inside      high rise building, we are only stay on plain            ground. 

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